A key role of research policymakers and funders is to co-develop with the research community the ‘enablers’ for practicing open science. A fundamental enabler is a set of research assessment systems that reward what we value in science, i.e. a range of practices (open access to latest findings, data sharing etc.) and outputs (datasets, code, publications etc.) that lead to excellence and impact. Another framework to have in place is of regulatory nature, so that our researchers are clear about who can share what research output, for which purpose, and under which conditions. Of crucial importance is the building of capacities in terms of infrastructure, skills, and resources, e.g. for data sharing and for open access scholarly publishing. Cutting across these are issues such as use of AI, equity, international cooperation, and monitoring progress in implementation.